Impact of chronic administration of lead and cadmium on the activity of monoamine oxidase in different CNS regions of male guinea pigs

The present study was undertaken to investigate the effect of chronic administration of lead and cadmium on the activity of monoamine oxidase [MAO] in different central nervous system regions [CNS] of male guinea pigs. Lead and cadmium was intraperitoneally injected at dose level [30 mg/kg. body weight]and[1 mg/kg.] respectively as lead acetate and cadmium chloride daily for, two, four, six and eight weeks. The activity of monoamine oxidase [MAO] was determined in the cerebral cortex, caudate putamen, thalamus, hypothalamus, superior colliculus, inferior colliculus cerebellum, pons, medulla and spinal cord in male guinea pig CNS. Lead and cadmium induced a general variable changes in the level of the membrane bound enzyme [MAO] in most CNS regions and in turn affecting both cholinergic and adrenergic neurotransmitters. These results suggest that lead and cadmium may exerts neurotoxic effect by altering certain membrane bound enzymes and may cause oxidative stress that could lead to neurodegenerative diseases

Impact of Echinoparyphium recurvatum against schistosoma haematobium, on some physiological parameters of bulinus truncatus snails

The effects of single and double infection of Bulinus. truncatus with Schistosoma haematobium and/or Echinostorna recurvatum on free amino acid and some enzymes activity were hereby studied. The results indicated a disruption in the snail metabolism due to exposure to S. haematobium and E. recurvatuin miracidia and this effect was more pronounced in case of double exposure to the two parasites. The results obtained also revealed results showed that the infection rate of B. truncatus snails with E. recurvatum was higher than that by S. haematobium. Moreover, E recurvatum exerted a negative that free amino acids showed variation in their concentrations and percentages of TFAA in tissue of infected snails with two parasites as compared to control snails. Aspartic, Glutamic, Glyc ine, Threonine, Alanine, Methio-nine, Cystine, Tyrosine, Phenylalanine, Lysine and Luecine were increased in the tissue, but Serine, Histidine, Arginine, Proline, Valine and Isolucecine were decreased. The glucose, lipid and cholesterol level in the haemolymph of infected snails was increased, while the protein and glycogen content decreased in soft tissues. A significant elevation in the levels of Aspartate aminotransferase [ASAT] and alanine aminotransferase [ALAT] enzymes was recorded in heamolymph and tissues of exposed snail than unexposed. There were significant increases in the levels of acid and alkaline phosphatases enzymes in exposed snails

Effect of methanol extract of panicum repens and cestrum parqui on some liver enzymes in schistosoma mansoni infected mice

The effect of methanol extract of Panicwn repens and Cestrum parqui on the infectivity of mice with S. mansoni cercariae and some liver enzymes in S. mansoni infected mice representing glycolytic, gluconeogenic and glycogenolytic pathway and also, liver function enzyme represented by Aspartate aminotransferase [ASAT], alanine aminotransferase [ALAT], acid phosphatase [ACP] and alkaline phosphatase [ALP] were studied. The present results showed that a significant reduction in number of worm and ova count of infected mice pretreated with P. repens and C.parqui. The present results showed that a significant increase in glycolytic enzymes [PK, GPI and HK], acid phosphatase [ACP] and alkaline phosphatase [ALP] were observed in both infected and treated infected groups, while lactate dehydrogenase [LDH], aspartate aminotransferase [ASAT] and alanine aminotransferase ALAT enzymes activities showed significant reduction. Moreover, normal control mice treated with methanol extract of P. repens and C parqui showed no side effects of most parameters compared to the normal healthy control group. Hence, methanol extract of P. repens and C.parqui can be applied clinically as a prophylactic treatment against schistosomiasis together with the ideal anti-schistosomal drug praziquantel